Servings were estimated by calculating the grams of intake of each food and applying common serving sizes.
Foods and food groups of interest included total grains, whole grains (including brown rice, popcorn, and any grain food with a carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio ≤10:1), refined grains (including any grain food with a carbohydrate-to-fiber ratio >10:1), fruit (excluding juices), 100% fruit juice, vegetables (excluding white potatoes and juices), eggs, fish/shellfish, nuts/seeds/legumes (excluding nut/seed butters), red meat (excluding processed red meats), processed meats, high-fat dairy products (whole- and reduced-fat dairy), low-fat dairy products (low-fat or fat-free dairy), sweets and bakery desserts (cakes, cookies, pies, pastries, syrups, gelatins, ices, candies), salty snacks (crackers, popcorn, pretzels, corn chips, potato chips, pork rinds), regular sodas, diet sodas, sports drinks and noncarbonated sugar-sweetened beverages, all sugar-sweetened beverages, and water. Foods directly corresponding to the food group of interest were given full weight mixtures (eg, mixed dishes, soups) were given half weight to account for the other constituents in the mixed food ( see Table S1 under “Supplemental data” in the online issue).
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